(P26-056-25) Garlic Scape Extract Inhibits Intestinal Glucose Transporters

Objectives: Hyperglycemia increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and other metabolic complications. Regulating intestinal glucose transporters, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) is an efficient approach to reducing blood glucose levels. The study aimed to examine the effect of garlic scape (Allium sativum L.) extract on intestinal glucose uptake and identify its bioactive compounds.

Methods: Garlic scapes were harvested during the cultivation of garlic plants and then chopped. To mimic the gastrointestinal digestive effect, chopped garlic scapes were digested using gastrointestinal digestive enzymes in vitro and consecutively extracted using 70% ethanol (v/v) to obtain digested garlic scape extract (dGSE). Bioactive compounds of dGSE were identified and quantified using an LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring and a GC-MS with solid phase microextraction.

Results: The differentiated Caco-2 cells were treated with 10, 20, and 40 µg/mL dGSE for 24 h. Glucose uptake was determined using a fluorescent glucose analog in the presence or absence of sodium. SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes were measured using a qPCR. dGSE at 40 mg/mL decreased SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes by 32% and 30 %, respectively, which further reduced glucose uptake into the cells, regardless of the presence of sodium. Allicin and deoxyalliin, and kaempferol-O glycoside and quercetin-O-diglucoside were found as major compounds of organosulfur and polyphenolic compounds in dGSE, respectively.

Conclusions: Thus, garlic scape may be the potential food to alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting glucose transporters.

Funding Sources: This was supported by USDA.