(P23-001-25) Geographical Variations in Egg Nutrient Density: A Comparative Study of Ohio and Indiana Layer Hen Systems in Late Fall and Early Winter Months

Objectives: Regenerative, pasture-raised layer hen systems create synergistic relationships between the hens, forage, soil, and weather, influencing the nutrient profile of the eggs produced in this system. However, the impact of these factors on egg quality and nutrient profile varies by region. The objective of this research was to investigate the geographical variations in egg nutrient density between two pasture-raising systems located in the Midwest: one in Southern Ohio and the other in Indiana. Specifically, this study compared the nutrient profiles of eggs, feed, forage, and soil from both systems over a period of four months (September through December).

Methods: 24 egg samples pooled to form n=12 replicate samples were collected monthly from September to December. Fatty acid profiles were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, micronutrients were assessed in a commercial laboratory, and carotenoids were analyzed colorimetrically.

Results: Yolk color was significantly darker in eggs from Ohio across all months (p < 0.05). This trend correlated with higher beta-carotene and total carotenoid content in Ohio egg yolks. Fatty acid profiles also differed between locations, with Ohio eggs exhibiting a significantly lower total n-6:n-3 ratio in October-December (p < 0.05). Total saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was consistently higher in the Indiana system, peaking at 11.5 g per 100 g yolk compared to Ohio’s maximum of 5.43 g (p < 0.05). Forage species composition and soil nutrient profiles varied markedly between the two locations. Weather patterns followed 30-year location averages at both sites.

Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that regional variations in forage quality and composition, soil nutrients, and regional weather can significantly influence the nutrient density of pasture-raised eggs. This research highlights how local environmental factors and farming practices can shape the nutritional profiles of eggs in different regions, emphasizing the importance of understanding these dynamics for improving egg quality in various agricultural systems.

Funding Sources: The Greenacres Foundation provided funding for this study.