(P16-005-25) Impact of Integrating Personalized Nutrition Therapy With Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control, Diet, and Sleep Quality in Adults With Prediabetes and Obesity

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of integrating Personalized Nutrition Therapy (PNT) with Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) on glycemic control, dietary habits, and sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes and overweight or obesity.

Methods: Adults aged 45–65 with a BMI of 25–39.9 kg/m² and HbA1c levels of 5.7–6.4% were randomized to a treatment (n=15), receiving PNT with real-time CGM feedback, or a control group (n=15), receiving PNT while blinded to CGM results. Participants were visited every 10 days over 30 days to replace CGM and complete measurements. All participants followed a moderate-carbohydrate diet for weight maintenance starting on day 10, with the treatment group reviewing CGM results with the dietitian to set personalized goals. Anthropometric data were collected and ASA24 questionnaires were completed for diet and sleep assessment. The area under the curve (AUC) for glucose was calculated using the trapezoidal rule, and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) scores were used to evaluate diet quality. Sleep quality was calculated as the ratio of total sleep time to sleep episode duration. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model repeated measures.

Results: Adding CGM to PNT significantly improved blood glucose control in the treatment group. The total AUC for glucose significantly decreased by 48,917 mg/dL × min in the treatment group (p=0.01), while the control group showed a numerical increase of 625 mg/dL × min after adjusting for age, sex, HbA1c, and BMI. The treatment group increased whole grain intake by 1.4 oz (p=0.02), while the control group decreased by 0.3 oz. No significant differences were observed between the groups in other food group intakes or AHEI scores. Sleep duration remained stable in the treatment (409 to 408 min) but decreased in the control group (394 to 358 min). Sleep quality improved in the treatment (83 to 88%) but declined in the control group (85 to 83%), although none of these changes were statistically significant.

Conclusions: Utilizing CGM alongside PNT could significantly improve blood glucose control in adults with prediabetes and may aid in preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes. Further studies with larger populations and longer durations are needed to assess the long-term effects of CGM use on diet and sleep quality.

Funding Sources: George Mason University