(P13-006-25) The Impact of Dietary Patterns on Fertility Outcomes

Objectives: Despite the growing body of research on the impact of diet on overall health outcomes, the relationship between dietary patterns and fertility remains relatively understudied. Infertility affects one in six individuals, yet, unlike other prevalent health conditions, evidence-based dietary recommendations to promote fertility remain fairly limited.  This review investigated the current literature to better understand the effects of Western and Mediterranean dietary patterns on fertility outcomes.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify studies examining the relationship between dietary patterns and fertility outcomes. The search strategy included but was not limited to the following terms: “fertility” AND “dietary patterns,” “preconception diet,” “nutrition” AND “fertility outcomes." Studies were examined to understand the effects of Western or Mediterranean dietary patterns on fertility-related parameters, such as ovulatory function, hormonal regulation, and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. Articles were reviewed for recurring dietary factors associated with either beneficial or detrimental fertility outcomes.

Results: A high intake of trans fat, saturated fat, and added sugar, all characteristic components of a Western-style diet, have been associated with conditions that disrupt normal female reproduction including obesity, insulin resistance, gut dysbiosis, and chronic inflammation. This can result in metabolic and hormonal changes that prevent the maturation and release of eggs. Components of a Mediterranean-style diet including a high intake of antioxidants, foods rich in monounsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber are associated with positive fertility outcomes, particularly among individuals using ART. These components can decrease inflammation, reduce the risk of anovulation, and improve oocyte and embryo development and quality.

Conclusions: Given the increasing prevalence of infertility and the limited dietary guidance available for individuals seeking to optimize fertility outcomes, further research is needed to elucidate dietary patterns and nutritional interventions that support reproductive health and enhance success rates among those undergoing ART.

Funding Sources: None