(P17-084-25) Predictors of Moderate Carbohydrate Diet Among People With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in NHANES 2017–2020

Objectives: To identify demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with adherence to a moderate carbohydrate diet (MCD) among individuals with prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes.

Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020. Dietary information was derived from 24-hour dietary recall interviews. MCD was defined as carbohydrate intake comprising no more than 45% of total energy intake. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between sociodemographic characteristics and MCD, incorporating the complex survey design.

Results: We identified 2,293 participants with prediabetes and 1,272 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Among those with prediabetes, men were more likely than women to adhere to an MCD (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.11–1.62). Additionally, higher levels of education were associated with greater adherence to an MCD compared to individuals with less than a 9th-grade education. For instance, participants with a college education were 59% more likely to adhere to an MCD compared to those with less than a 9th-grade education (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.01–2.51). In terms of ethnicity, Hispanics (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.48–0.87) and Asians (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.37–0.76) were less likely to adhere to an MCD compared to Whites.

Conclusions: Dietary behavior as measured by adherence to a MCD in subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes are significantly influenced by socio-demographic factors. Our results highlight potential target population groups to improve diet quality.

Funding Sources: No funding for these current analyses. NHANES data is free and publicly available.