(P26-010-25) Impact of High and Low Doses of Cottonseed Oil on Plasma Bile Acids in Healthy Individuals: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives: Cottonseed oil (CSO), rich in linoleic acid (LA) and phytosterols, has demonstrated a reduction in plasma cholesterol in healthy individuals. Bile acids (BAs) are crucial in removing excess cholesterol and maintaining normal cholesterol homeostasis. Sparse evidence suggests that LA and phytosterols modulate bile acid synthesis by modulating cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and liver X receptor alpha. However, the impact of CSO on BA metabolism is unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of 60 g CSO, 30 g CSO, 60 g extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), and 30 g EVOO on plasma bile acids in healthy adults.

Methods: A 28–30-day double-blinded parallel trial was done where 47 healthy adults (BMI < 27 kg/mˆ2, 18-55 years) were randomly assigned to smoothies containing CSO (60 g or 30 g) or EVOO (60 g or 30 g). Plasma samples were analyzed for BAs using untargeted LCMS. A mixed-effect ANOVA was used to compare the impact of different diets on total and individual bile acids. Differences within dietary groups were evaluated using a paired t-test. Cohen's d (d) and the p-value are reported.

Results: At baseline, the males had higher total BAs than females (d = 0.43; p < 0.01). Total BAs decreased (d = 0.16; p < 0.05) post-intervention. Post-intervention, taurochenodeoxycholic acid decreased (d = 1.1; p < 0.05), while ursodeoxycholic acid (UCDCA) increased (d = 0.61; p < 0.05) in the 60 g CSO group. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (d = 1.3; p < 0.01) decreased in the 30 g CSO group. Glycoursodeoxycholic acid decreased in both the 30 g (d = 0.95; p < 0.01) and 60 g CSO (d = 0.59; p < 0.1) groups. No differences were observed between dietary groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: While no differences were observed between CSO and EVOO, CSO led to a decrease in conjugated BAs. The observed increase in UCDCA suggests a distinct role of 60 g CSO in bile acid modulation. Further analysis incorporating other metabolites will provide deeper insights into the implications of these changes in BA profiles.

Funding Sources: Cotton Incorporated 22-070