(P17-049-25) Social Determinants of Health, Food Insecurity, and Health Outcomes Across Zip Codes

Objectives: This study examines the relationship between socio-demographic disparities and food insecurity across zip codes in the United States.

Methods: Data from the "All of Us" controlled tier, including electronic health records and social determinants of health surveys from 33,250 participants, were used in this analysis. We performed descriptive statistics and regression analyses using “R” statistical software on the “All of Us Researcher Workbench to focus on Black/African American and White populations.

Results: Food insecurity affected 12% of the population, with 75% of the food-insecure group identifying as White and 25% as Black. Middle-aged adults (45-64 years) represented nearly 49% of the food-insecure population, with 68% having an annual income below $50,000. Over 99% of food-insecure individuals had chronic health condition, and 72% had a college degree. The majority with food insecurity (52%) were homemakers, students, retirees, or unable to work, while 35% were employed or self-employed. Notably, 76% of the food-insecure population was female, and 35.50% reported housing concerns. Geographical analysis revealed higher food insecurity rates in Birmingham, AL, Knoxville, TN, and Jacksonville, FL, with lower rates in Chicago, IL, and Madison, WI. Southern states, including Alabama and South Carolina, had higher prevalence rates than northeastern and midwestern states. Black populations faced higher food insecurity than White populations, except in Tennessee. Also, 37% of those who experience functional limitation are food insecure.

Conclusions: This study highlights important racial and geographic disparities in food insecurity, with middle-aged, low-income, and female populations disproportionately affected. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address food insecurity and associated health risks across diverse communities.

Funding Sources: We gratefully acknowledge All of Us participants for their contributions; without whom this research would not have been possible. We also thank the National Institutes of Health’s All of Us Research Program for making available the participant data examined in this study.